“Per substantiam intelligo id quod in se est et per se concipitur hoc est id cujus conceptus non indiget conceptu alterius rei a quo formari debeat.” – Ethics – Spinoza

“By substance, I mean that which is in itself, and is conceived through itself: in other words, that of which a conception can be formed independently of any other conception.”

“J’entends par substance ce qui est en soi et est conçu par soi, c’est-à-dire ce dont le concept peut être formé sans avoir besoin du concept d’une autre chose.”